外貿(mào)交易往來過程中，一些企業(yè)在收取信用證時并沒有關注到其是遠期信用證還是即期信用證，在合同達成之后才會發(fā)現(xiàn)這其中所存在的區(qū)別，這對于企業(yè)所帶來的影響是非常大的，首先是安全性，其次是能夠獲得收款的時間問題，對于遠期信用證而言，其付款時間是很長的，通常有一個月、兩個月、三個月的差異，如果是一家資金雄厚的外貿(mào)企業(yè)，即使收取遠期信用證所受到的影響也并不是很大，但相對于一些周轉資金并不是很多的企業(yè)，會導致在企業(yè)生產(chǎn)過程中資金周轉不靈。例如：
Dear Mr. Brown
It is gratifying that your company and our company have reached a preliminary agreement. The total value of the farm products you have purchased is 1 million yuan. You hope to get a 5% discount. We also hope to give this part of the discount. However, due to the relatively high price of the farm products purchased this year, for example If this part of the discount is offered, we will not be able to make any profit. If you purchase more than $2 million after the conclusion of this business transaction, we will give you a 3% discount.
Another problem involves the letter of credit. Your company hopes to use a forward letter of credit in this transaction. It is difficult for us to conclude this transaction. The liquidity of funds in the process of purchasing agricultural products is relatively large, so the lack of liquidity will have a certain impact on our company. Therefore, our company At the beginning of the construction, there are corresponding internal regulations requiring that letters of credit collected in each foreign trade transaction should be based on L/C at sight. This may have some negative effects on your company. We are sorry for the problems arising from this, but the L/C is irreplaceable. This is the basis for achieving this transaction.
In addition, your proposal that we should be responsible for the transportation of the products and for the reduction of the insurance charges in the course of transportation has been reached by our managers. We are fully responsible for the transportation charges in the course of the transportation of the products, and we hope that the insurance charges in the course of the transportation will be borne by your company.
尊敬的布朗先生
貴公司和我公司能夠達成初步共識是值得慶幸的事情，貴公司所購入的這批農(nóng)貿(mào)產(chǎn)品總價值為100萬元，貴公司希望能夠獲得5%的優(yōu)惠，我公司也希望能夠給出這一部分優(yōu)惠，但由于在本年度農(nóng)貿(mào)產(chǎn)品的收購價格相對較高，因此如果給出這一部分優(yōu)惠，我公司將無法獲得任何盈利，如貴公司在達成此筆商貿(mào)往來之后連續(xù)購入產(chǎn)品價格超過200萬元，我公司會給出3%的優(yōu)惠。
另外一個問題涉及到信用證，貴公司希望在本次交易中采用遠期信用證，對于我公司而言要達成這筆交易是較為困難的，農(nóng)貿(mào)產(chǎn)品收購過程之中資金的流動性相對較大，因此缺乏流動資金會對我公司造成一定影響，因此我公司在建設初期就有著相應的內部規(guī)定，要求在每筆對外商貿(mào)往來過程中所收取的信用證以即期信用證為主，這一點很有可能對貴公司造成一些負面影響，對此而產(chǎn)生的問題我公司深感抱歉，但在信用證方面是不可替換的。這是能夠達成本次交易的基礎所在。
此外，貴公司提出產(chǎn)品運輸以及在運輸過程中的保險減費用由我方負責，這一點我方管理人員已經(jīng)達成相應共識，在產(chǎn)品運輸過程中的運輸費用我方可全權承擔，而在運輸過程之中的保險費用則希望由貴公司來承擔。
從如上案例可以看到該公司希望選擇即期信用證，原因就在于國際上有明文規(guī)定“A sight L / C is payable immediately after the issuing bank receives the documents usually within 5 banking days”毫無疑問，該信用證對于這家公司是有利的，而作為遠期信用證其特點則在于“A usance letter of credit is generally divided into 30 days, 60 days and 90 days after sight. Take 30 days as an example, payment is made on the 30th day after the issuing bank receives the documents.” 正是因為這二者之間所具有的差異很大，因此該公司在回函之中才會重點提到“The company hopes to use the forward letter of credit in this transaction. It is difficult for our company to conclude this transaction. The liquidity of funds in the process of purchasing agricultural products is relatively large, so the lack of liquidity will have a certain impact on our company. Therefore, our company has corresponding internal regulations in the early stage of construction. We are sorry for the problems arising from the requirement that L/C at sight be the main credit received in the course of each business transaction.”
所以說在商貿(mào)往來過程之中企業(yè)對于信用證的選擇并不能夠一概而論，在相應的模板套用過程之中也要重點關注到該模板應用的企業(yè)屬于哪一行業(yè)，這一領域之中對于資金流的要求是否很高，如果一家企業(yè)在產(chǎn)品銷售過程中對于流動資金的要求不高，那么使用遠期信用證是沒有任何問題的，但如果這家企業(yè)相對規(guī)模較小，而且對于流動資金的要求也很高，這種狀態(tài)之下選用遠期信用證明顯就不合適了，應該使用其他類型的信用證，在對外商貿(mào)往來過程之中對于信用證的問題一定要深刻了解，這是能夠在此后關貿(mào)易往來中讓公司獲得最大利益的關鍵所在，對于這些一定不能馬虎大意。
